Replacement of single anterior tooth is a complex, challenging procedure that can be accomplished with implant-supported restorations as well as conventional porcelain-fused-to-metal and resin-bonded fixed partial dentures. Different esthetic treatment options must be explored iri treating such patients. Drifting of teeth into the edentulous area may reduce the available pontic space; whereas a diastema existing before an extraction may result in excessive mesiodistal dimension to the pontic space. Although rarely used, loop connectorsare sometimes required to address this problem of excessive mesio-distalpontic space. Loop connectors offer a simple solution for a situation involving an anterior edentulous space albeit with the maintenance of the diastema. This article presents a case with excessive space in the anterior region treated witha loop connector to achieve ideal esthetic results in the maxillary anterior segment.

Management of non vital teeth with open apices isa challenge to the dental practitioners. In this clinical scenario, it is difficult to maintain the obturating material confine within the root canal without encroaching into periapical area. These kinds of cases cannot be managed by conventional endodontic treatment, and treatment of such cases with calcium hydroxide may take longer time for apical closure. But with this new material called BIODENTINE (Septodont) same treatment can be done in single visit with predictable result. Hence this case report present the use ofbiodentine to form an apical plug in open apex followed by complete root canal obturation using thermoplasticized guttapercha.

Complete Denture is an artificial appliance which restores natural functions and esthetics caused by loss of natural teeth. Cheekplumper help to enhance facial appearance by supporting the slumped cheeks. This paper reports an innovative technique of plumping the cheeks using cheek-plumper which are attached to the conventional complete denture.

A distal occlusion exerts restraining occlusal forces on the mandibular dentition, and the maxillary dental arch is narrow from distal positioning of the lower dentition. These factors may not allow the mandible to grow to its full genetic potential In severe class II. In the hands of an experienced clinician, full time functional appliances are most efficient in correcting severe class II malocclusion than conventional fixed appliance techniques without mandibular propulsion. This is especially true when the treatment is timed to coincide with the pubertal growth spurt. A case successfully treated with two phase treatment to meet the functional treatment objective is presented.

To present a case of vertical tooth fracture treated by adhesive bonding and banding before root canal treatment.

In this case, a vertically fractured maxillary premolar was stabilized by adhesive resin and orthodontic stainless steel band followed by root canal treatment.

The prognosis of teeth with cracks depends on the location and extent of the crack. Early recognition and treatment is the key to proper management.

The blood aspiration technique before the injection of local anesthetic solution is an essential procedure, because it prevents possible systemic’ complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of intravascular injection in different techniques of inferior alveolar nerve block and to know the technique which has very low incidence of vascular penetration.

Fifty patients in the ages of 17-70 years irrespective of sex, who were indicated for bilateral extractions of mandibular teeth were selected for this study. Patients were randomly divided into two divisions consisting of 25 patients requiring bilateral extraction procedures. In first division classical technique of inferior alveolar nerve block was administered on one side and on 2nd appointment Angelo Sargenti technique was administered on the other side. In the second division of 25 patients, indirect technique was administered on one side in 1st appointment and Clark and Holmes technique was administered on the other side in next appointment. Incidence of positive aspiration due to inadvertent penetration of inferior alveolar vessels was recorded.

In group I positive aspiration rate was 8%, group II it was 4%, group III it was 4% and group IV it was 8%. Chi-square and fisher exact test was used and statistically there was no significant difference in the incidence of positive aspiration in all four groups. We found an overall aspiration rate of 6% in all four groups.

The incidence of positive aspiration was evaluated in all the 4 groups. There was no statistical significance in the rate of positive aspiration in all the groups included in our study.

Working length determination in primary teeth endodontics using intra oral digital radiovisiography, and compare it with conventional method for accuracy.

This in vivo study was conducted on 30 primary teeth which were indicated for pulpectomy in the patients of the age group of 5-11 years All experimental teeth had adequate remaining tooth structure for rubber dam isolation and radiographicaly visible canals. Endodontic treatment was required due to irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis. A standardized intraoral periapical radiograph of the tooth was taken using conventional method by paralleling technique. The distance between the source and the tooth, tooth and the films were standardized using X-ray positioning device.

From the results obtained we can conclude that intraoral digital radiography methods of determining the root canal length in primary teeth can be considered reliable and safe in endodontic treatment of children.

The following conclusions were drawn from this present study Intraoral digital radiography also proved to be safest method in determining working length with significant reduction in radiation dosage. Hence this techniques can be safely used as an alternate to conventional radiographic method in determining working length in primary teeth.

Innovative technique has been introduced in the field of dentistry for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. Technologies like laser, composite curing techniques, optical imaging have been utilized in the field of dentistry. OCT(optical coherence tomography) is a recent. technique which creates cross-sectional high resolution images. SS-OCT(Swept -Source optical coherence tomography) is a variant of optical coherence tomography, which provides instant imaging with high resolution, non-invasive and ease of handling. This article provides a overview of Swept -Source OCT and its application in the field of dentistry.

Aim of this paper is to discuss various surface treatment methods of Implants and its effect on osseointegration.

There are various surface modified implants available. Studies have proven that these implants show better osseointegration compared to machined implants.

In the search for alternative and esthetic restorative materials, many all-ceramic systems have been introduced for the general practitioner. They are used as veneers, inlays/onlays, crowns, and as enamel/dentin bonded partial or total coverage without macroretention. This article describes a classification of the different commercial all-ceramic systems and gives a review of their clinical durability. The primary changes in the field were the proliferation of zirconia-based frameworks and computer-aided fabrication of prostheses, as well as, a trend toward more clinically relevant in vitro test methods. Newer reinforced ceramics showed better durability then the earlier fired ceramic reconstructions. This report includes an overview of ceramic fabrication methods, suggestions for critical assessment of material property data.

Pregnancy is a unique period in a woman's lifetime. Good oral health during pregnancy is important to the overall health of both the expectant mother and her baby. Therefore, it is important to maintain good oral health during pregnancy because it has the potential to reduce the transmission of pathogenic bacteria from mothers to their children. Dental care is safe for the pregnant patient and can prevent long term health problems for both mother and child. During pregnancy dental treatment may be modified but need not be withheld, provided that the risk assessment is made properly for both the patient and the fetus. Oral changes in the mouth are due to the alteration in the levels of estrogen and progesterone. This variation in the female sex hormones causes an increase in oral vasculature permeability and decrease in the host immunity, thus making the pregnant woman more prone to oral infections. Although pregnancy is not a contraindication to dental treatments, the clinician should consult with the patient's physician to clarify individual treatment issues. When prescribing medication during pregnancy, the main concern is the risk of teratogenesis, because drugs cross the placenta by simple diffusion. Drugs are administered during pregnancy only when they are essential for the pregnant woman's well-being, and the drug of choice should always be the one that is the least toxic. Prescribing of systemic drugs of any kind ideally should be performed after consultation with the general medical practitioner or obstetrician.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been specifically designed to produce undistorted three-dimensional information of the maxillofacial skeleton, including the teeth and their surrounding tissues with a significantly lower effective radiation dose compared with conventional computed tomography (CT). The system overcomes many of the limitations of conventional radiography by producing undistorted, three-dimensional images of the area under examination. These properties make this form of imaging particularly suitable for use in endodontics. The clinician can obtain an enhanced appreciation of the anatomy being assessed, leading to an improvement in the detection of endodontic disease and resulting in more effective treatment planning. In addition, CBCT operates with a significantly lower effective radiation dose when compared with conventional computed tomography (CT). The aim of this paper is to review current literature on the applications and limitations of CBCT in the management of endodontic problems.

Oral cavity cancers account for 30% of head and neck cancers and represent a significant challenge to clinicians. Treatment requires multi disciplinary expertise and is complicated by. the complex role that the oral cavity plays in speech, mastication, and swallowing. Surgery remains the cornerstone of most treatment regimens; the primary objective is cure, not withstanding preservation of form and function to retain a good quality of life that can be further improved by reconstructive techniques using various local flaps, distant flaps or microvascular reconstruction. The pectoralis major [PM] flap has many advantages in that it is very reliable, and allows a single-stage reconstruction of most head and neckdefects to the level of the maxilla with well-vascularized tissue capable of carrying a large skin paddle. The donor site morbidity is surprisingly low, and few patients complain of difficulties with arm movement.

This paper revisits the surgical anatomy and technique of harvesting the Pectoralis Major myocutaneous flap used to reconstruct complex defects of the lower face following composite therapeutic resection. In addition, we describe our experience using this flap and discuss associated merits and demerits and complications.

Despite contemporary micro vascular techniques, the Pectoralis Major myocutaneous flap continues to be a versatile option in the reconstruction of complex head and neck defects following ablative surgery. However, regardless of the site, stage and degree of tumor differentiation, such cases will always pose as a therapeutic challenge to the reconstructive surgeon.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hepatitis B is spread through contact with blood or body fluids of an infected person.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The likelihood of developing Chronic Hepatitis B is related to the age at which infection is acquired; the risk being lowest in adults and >90% in neonates whose mothers are hepatitis B e antigen positive. HBV is not directly cytopathic and liver injury appears to be mostly caused by repeated attempts of the host's immune responses to control the infection. After reviewing the various articles, the following protocols are best suited for the health care workers.