This study was adjusted to assess the cleaning efficacy of using 5% apple vinegar irrigation in adjunct with diode laser 980 nm in removing the smear layer and its effect on the atomic concentration of the calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ions by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, respectively. A total of 60 maxillary incisor teeth were selected to be endodontically treated, prepared biomechanically, and divided equally into three main groups according to irrigation used—the control group—irrigation with 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) only, group I: irrigation with 5% NaOCl + 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), group II: irrigation with 5% NaOCl + 5% apple vinegar. Diode laser 980 nm, 2 W/CW applied for 10 seconds. Three times in half the number of samples. All samples were divided longitudinally for SEM and SEM-EDX analysis at the coronal, middle, and apical root sections. Results showed group II had a statistically significant lower median smear layer score at the apical third (p < 0.05) when compared to group I and the control group. This study concluded that during root canal treatment, irrigation of 5% apple vinegar irrigation with 5% NaOCl in adjunct to diode laser 980 nm is better than17% EDTA and 5% NaOCl or 5% NaOCl alone in cleaning the intraradicular dentinal walls from the smear layer and also did not alter the atomic concentration of Ca/P ions ratio.

Introduction: Transmission of infectious agents among patients and dental healthcare personnel in dental settings has been an issue of concern. Reports highlight the need for a recommendation of strict infection control practices that have to be met for disease transmission. Aims and objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices related to Infection control procedures followed by dental students in Davangere. A cross-sectional study. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire-based study was carried out with a sample of 123 students among dental students (third year, final year, internship) in Davangere, Karnataka, India, through the convenience sample method. A questionnaire was designed regarding infection control procedures, and the data was collected using an Excel sheet and analyzed using the frequency distribution Pearson Chi-squared test using SPSS (software version 22.0). Before the commencement of the survey, a pilot study was carried out on Cronbach's α = 0.81. Results: A total of 150 students took part in the study with a response rate of 81.3% (n = 123), out of which third year, 55 (44.71%), 48 (39%) were final year, and interns 20 (16.26%). All the students (100%) responded positively about the need for sterilization and infection control; >80.5% of students have reported that they consider screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in every patient. Conclusion: Dental undergraduate students at private dental colleges in India reported reasonably good infection control practices. However, to enable students to follow strict infection control procedures, certain upgrades should be made in the institution. Key message: Dental practitioners should be aware of the spread of infectious diseases and the need to control these diseases.

Aim: This case report aims to illustrate the management of an avulsed maxillary lateral incisor in a young orthodontic patient, highlighting the interim esthetic solution employed before implant rehabilitation. Background: Traumatic dental injuries, especially avulsion of permanent teeth, are common in children and adolescents and can pose challenges for treatment, particularly in patients undergoing orthodontic therapy. This case study explores the management of an avulsed maxillary lateral incisor in an 11-year-old female patient undergoing orthodontic treatment, emphasizing the complexities of trauma in orthodontic patients and the subsequent need for esthetic rehabilitation. Case description: Following an accident, the patient experienced avulsion of the upper left lateral incisor, which remained extraoral for 2.5 hours before repositioning. Concurrently, the patient was undergoing orthodontic treatment using a mobile device. Due to trauma, the tooth required endodontic treatment and was excluded from orthodontic intervention. By age 15, post-orthodontic treatment, the infraoccluded and ankylosed tooth showed no clinical or radiographic symptoms. The patient requested an esthetic solution while awaiting planned implant rehabilitation at age 18. Conclusion: The employed approach involving tooth contouring, flap repositioning, resin composite restoration, and color matching techniques provided a satisfactory esthetic outcome. This interim solution addressed the patient's aesthetic concerns while preparing for definitive implant rehabilitation. Clinical significance: This case underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and patient-centered care in managing traumatic dental injuries in orthodontic patients. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive treatment planning and esthetic interim solutions to enhance patient satisfaction during the waiting period for definitive treatment.

Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is an intraosseous, locally aggressive neoplasm that occurs almost exclusively in tooth-bearing areas of the mandible and maxilla. The histopathological presentation of OM consists of spindle/stellate cells embedded in an abundant mucoid matrix. Radiographically, this lesion shows varied multilocular radiolucency varying from a soap bubble to a tennis racquet or honeycomb pattern. OM, uncommonly occurring in nontooth-bearing regions, has been reported to be rare. This paper includes a case report of a 34-year-old female patient who reported swelling in her right preauricular region, and a histopathological investigation confirmed a diagnosis of OM of the right mandibular condyle. Surgical excision of the pathology and reconstruction with bone graft was performed under general anesthesia, and follow-up at regular intervals was done.

Restoring anterior single-tooth edentulism is often a challenge in terms of biological and esthetic integration. The use of bonded bridges is an old therapeutic but still represents an attractive biological and biomechanical alternative, particularly for adolescents, where the principle of tissue conservation is a major consideration (in order to reduce the need for prosthetic interventions in the long term). When considering this option, several conditions must be respected such as the occlusal diagram, the restoration materials and the type of preparation. The aim of this paper is to provide a case report on the fabrication of a cantilevered glass-ceramic bridge without preparation in a teenage patient.

The successful execution of dental procedures for young patients depends on a multitude of factors. To illustrate these essential determinants, we have devised a pyramid-shaped model that encapsulates the key components. At the pinnacle of this pyramid lies the child, the primary focus of our attention. Surrounding the child are four crucial cornerstones—parents, society, dentist, and electronic screen (e-screen), forming the foundation of the model. These elements represent the fundamental variables that influence the effective management of pediatric patients. The pyramid comprises five distinct layers, each representing a specific level of interaction and summarizing the significance of various factors involved in the care of the child. Positioned at the apex, the most vital contributor takes precedence, while the others assume supporting roles in a sequential order leading toward the base. This innovative Pediatric Dentistry Management Pyramid offers a visually captivating representation of the interconnectedness and relative importance of each factor in optimizing patient care. By recognizing and prioritizing these elements, dental professionals can enhance their approach to pediatric dentistry, ensuring successful treatment outcomes and creating a positive experience for the child and their parents.