Background and objectives: Soft denture liners act as a cushion for denture-bearing mucosa through absorption and redistribution of the masticatory forces. The most common problem encountered using soft denture liners is lack of interfacial bond strength. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of surface pretreatments by the methyl methacrylate monomer on shear bond strengths of two silicone-based soft liners. Materials and methods: A total of 240 heat-polymerized acrylic resin blocks of dimension 30 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm, were fabricated using stainless steel die. Each sample consisted of two resin blocks with the liner embedded in-between them. The study was divided in two different groups that were lined with Mollosil and Sofreliner Tough M. Each having two different subgroups: No surface treatment and surface treatment with methyl methacrylate monomer wetting. After surface treatment, the adjacent two blocks were joined with their respective reliners. After 24 hours storage, all specimens were placed under shear stress until failure occurred. The shear bond strength values obtained were tabulated and analyzed for statistical significance using ANOVA and the Tukey's Honesty significance difference (HSD) test. Results: The results of the study revealed when no surface treatment was done, Mollosil showed mean shear bond strength of 0.5507 MPa and Sofreliner Tough M showed 1.6020 MPa. When monomer wetting was done, Mollosil showed a mean shear bond strength of 0.6200 MPa and Sofreliner Tough M showed 1.8073 MPa. Irrespective of the surface treatment, Sofreliner Tough M showed the higher shear bond strength. There was statistical significance (p < 0.001) between all groups when subjected to surface treatments. Interpretation and conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, surface treatment with methyl methacrylate monomer enhanced the shear bond strength significantly in both groups and group II, Sofreliner Tough M, showed the higher shear bond strength.

Background: In the field of medicine and dentistry, cadavers and skeletons were the study models for students for the past decades; and in the gradually advancing and transforming world, the role of cadavers and skeletons is almost replaced by synthetic mannequins and three-dimensional (3D) models. Aims and objectives: Implementing the novel idea of 3D printing in the field of periodontics, we created a 3D-0 printed model of lower jaw, which illustrates simple to complex concepts and methods. This will help teachers and clinicians in explaining and demonstrating to the students as well as patients, which in turn will help students in understanding the concepts in a better way and create better patient awareness. Materials and methods: The 3D printing of the “VANPERIO” model which was custom-built by 3D data with the help of a software and a 3D printer using the desired material used to demonstrate various presurgical, surgical, and postsurgical clinical issues. Review results: The utility of 3D model in demonstration of oral hygiene methods, periodontal osseous defects, and its management may prove to be a promising option due to its resemblance to natural anatomy and ease of use, compared with the existing models like plaster and stone models/casts. Conclusion: The model, a combination of traditional and modern approach, is a promising novel technique useful in academic and clinical field to create awareness among patients and better understanding for the students than the traditional methods available. The benefits availed from the model will prove to overweigh its cost. Clinical significance: The use in academic and clinical field to create awareness among patients and better understanding for the students by demonstration of various procedures.

Aim: This study was undertaken to compare and evaluate retentive strength of glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and adhesive resin cement with nickel–chromium (Ni-Cr) cast crowns. Materials and methods: Thirty orthodontically extracted caries-free premolars were prepared using a surveyor and jig assembly to achieve standardized tooth preparation. All the 30 teeth after tooth preparation and fabrication of metal copings were divided into the following three groups: group I is the control group in which conventional GIC was used as the cementing agent. Twenty teeth were prepared, of which 10 were for group II (RMGIC) and 10 specimens for group III 3M ESPE (adhesive resin luting cement). Metal crowns were cemented using conventional GIC, RMGIC, and adhesive resin cement, and all specimens were stored at 37°C for 1 week. Before testing for retention, crown pull test was done using universal testing machine and a tensile load at crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute was applied. The maximal force to remove the crown was recorded in kgF and was converted to MPa. Results: Group I had a mean retentive strength of 2.276 MPa. Group II had a mean retentive strength of 5.516 MPa. Group III had a mean retentive strength of 6.446 MPa. The results were subjected to statistical analysis, and the mean retentive strength and standard deviation of each group were calculated. Tukey's multiple comparison test and analysis of variance yielded significant results. Interpretation and conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, the following conclusions can be drawn: The retentive strength of self-adhesive resin cements was better than RMGIC and conventional GIC.

Aim: To use iontophoresis in conjunction with triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in ameliorating the symptoms of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and further to evaluate the levels of the salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme pre- and post-intervention. Materials and methods: Forty-five OSMF patients were divided equally into 3 groups with 15 patients each. Salivary LDH levels of these 45 OSMF patients were assessed and compared with those of healthy controls. Comparison of pre- and post-treatment salivary LDH levels was also done. Results: The salivary LDH level of OSMF patients (517.63 ± 150.80 U/L) was higher than that of the controls (141.70 ± 49.98 U/L). All the patients showed a significant (p > 0.001) decrease in salivary LDH levels following treatment, with a maximum reduction seen in group III. Conclusion: Group III had shown better results than group I and II with a maximum decline in LDH levels in group III. Clinical significance: In OSMF, TA, an intermediate-acting steroid, is commonly used by practitioners in the form of topical gels and intralesional injections; however, the drawback with the topical application is the wash-away of the drug through saliva while intralesional injections have the disadvantage of pain and discomfort due to multiple punctures, invasiveness, less patient acceptability, and chances of post-treatment fibrosis. To overcome such barriers, “iontophoresis”, an electromedical method of transmucosal drug delivery to a specific anatomical site, could serve as a surrogate means that does not require venipuncture (an invasive technique). Estimation of LDH levels in saliva as a manifestation of cellular necrosis and oxidative stress can serve as a precise indicator of lesions disturbing the integrity of the oral mucosa.

The success of an endodontic treatment depends upon good chemomechanical preparation of the root canals before filling it an obturating material to form a hermetic seal.¹ Knowledge and understanding of the presence of unusual root canal anatomy contributes to the successful outcome of the treatment. Mandibular first molar is the first permanent tooth to erupt in oral cavity and thus displays several anatomical variations.¹ Radix entomolaris (RE) means presence of an additional root, which is found distolingually in permanent first mandibular molar. It was first described by Carabelli and can also be found in the second and third mandibular molars.² The prevalence of RE is highest among the population of Chinese, Taiwanese, and Koreans and is considered to be an eumorphic root morphology among them. It is not very common in the population of African, Eurasia, Caucasian, and Indian population and is said to be a dysmorphic.³ This case report describes a series of mandibular molars with radix entomolaris root.