Introduction: Dental fluorosis, resulting from excessive fluoride intake during tooth development, causes significant alterations in enamel structure, including increased surface roughness and reduced hardness. These changes present challenges for orthodontic treatments, particularly in achieving reliable bracket bonding due to the hypermineralized, acid-resistant outer layer of fluorosed enamel. Objectives: (1) To assess and contrast the impact of microabrasion and an adhesion promoter on the shear bond strength (SBS) between orthodontic resin and fluorosed enamel; (2) To evaluate and compare the influence of microabrasion treatment and an adhesion promoter on enamel damage during bracket debonding. Methods: Forty permanent premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were included, comprising 30 fluorosed and 10 nonfluorosed teeth. The fluorosed teeth were divided into three groups: untreated (group II), treated with enamel microabrasion (group III), and treated with an adhesion promoter (group IV). A control group (group I) of nonfluorosed teeth was also included. Brackets were bonded using a standardized protocol, and the specimens underwent thermocycling. SBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Enamel damage was evaluated pre- and postdebonding using a stereomicroscope. Results: A marked increase in the number of enamel cracks after debonding was found in all four groups, with a statistically nonsignificant difference in enamel crack formation among the groups. Group IV (adhesion promoter) showed the greatest enamel damage, with 7 out of 10 teeth cracked, while group III (microabrasion) had moderate enamel damage, with 3 out of 10 teeth showing cracking following debonding, which was statistically highly significant (p > 0.05). Fluorosis reduced the mean SBS of orthodontic brackets to 12.37 MPa. However, the use of enhance locus ceruleus (LC) and enamel microabrasion increased the SBS in fluorosed teeth to 17.26 MPa and 16.7 MPa, respectively. Compared to group I (control), group II (untreated fluorosed) had a statistically significant decrease in SBS, whereas in comparison to group II, both groups III and IV showed a statistically significant increase in SBS (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed between groups for SBS values, with the highest in group I, followed by group IV, group III, and the lowest in group II. Significant differences were noted between groups I vs II (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Fluorosis substantially decreases the SBS of orthodontic brackets. Although adhesion promoters enhance the SBS of orthodontic brackets, they lead to a notable increase in enamel crack formation after bracket removal. Enamel microabrasion has the potential to enhance the bond strength of orthodontic brackets while reducing enamel damage after bracket removal.

Introduction: Every occupation is associated with one or other ill effects on health as well as oral health. Workers of the paper mill are exposed to a hazardous occupational environment, and the physically tedious work might drive them to neglect their oral health. Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of paper mill workers, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of 600 paper mill workers at Namakkal. The study subjects were recruited through a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using a questionnaire along with the World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Assessment Form (1997). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20.0 software, and the Chi-squared test was used to find out the association of age and gender with oral health. Results: The majority of the paper mill workers were males (466, 77.7%). Nearly 39% were aged 31–45 years. Dental fluorosis was found in 95 (15.8%) workers. The prevalence of dental caries was 71.5% among the workers. About 36% of workers had at least one missing tooth due to caries, and 25.8% of workers had missing teeth due to other reasons like periodontitis and trauma. Dental trauma was present in 61 workers (10.2%). Very few participants (<10%) had utilized dental services earlier, and more than half of the study population required at least one dental treatment. Conclusion: The present study population had poor oral health status with a high prevalence of dental caries. It has been observed that there was a lack of awareness toward oral health among the workers. Oral health education, along with other preventive and curative services, can be initiated by the dental health professionals to ensure optimum oral health care for the paper mill workers.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into dentistry is revolutionizing the field, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment precision, and patient care. AI-powered systems, including machine learning algorithms and deep learning models, are being applied in various aspects of dentistry, from early detection of oral diseases (such as cavities, periodontal disease, and oral cancers) to personalized treatment planning and management. AI tools enable the analysis of medical imaging, such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, and intraoral scans, with remarkable precision, assisting dentists in identifying anomalies and potential risks that may be overlooked by the human eye. Furthermore, AI-driven applications support predictive analytics, optimizing treatment outcomes by anticipating patient needs and improving workflow efficiency in dental practices. These innovations not only enhance clinical decision-making but also reduce human error, streamline processes, and enable more tailored patient care. This abstract explores the current state of AI in dentistry, its challenges, ethical considerations, and future directions for AI integration in dental healthcare, emphasizing its potential to improve both clinical and patient experience outcomes.

Zirconia in dentistry has evolved from its first generation to the current advanced systems, including multilayer and multipowder solutions. This article reviews improvements in translucency, strength, and esthetics, offering clinicians a versatile material that fulfills both functional and esthetic demands. As innovations continue, zirconia's role as a key material in dentistry is expected to strengthen.

Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) clinically presents as a painless labial, perioral, and gingival enlargement and might be accompanied by ulcerations of the oral cavity and gingivitis. The histopathological features involve noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. When the swelling only affects the lips, the pathology is called Miescher's granulomatous cheilitis; however, when it also causes facial paresis and lingua plicata, it is known as Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome (MRS). In this case report, we successfully diagnosed and treated gingival enlargement and lip swelling in a patient with a combination of a local (intralesional) steroid and gingivectomy procedure. After 6 months of therapy, we observed improvement in gingival enlargement and lip edema.

Aims and background: Pemphigus is one of the autoimmune disorders that can be fatal and cause blisters, involving skin and mucous membranes. Autoantibodies are directed against the desmosomal intercellular adhesion molecules, leading to the loss of keratinocyte cell-to-cell adhesion. The oral lesion is the initial manifestation of pemphigus. Early recognition and management of oral pemphigus can prevent devastating skin involvement and reduce morbidity and mortality associated with it. Histopathology plays a vital role in confirming the diagnosis of pemphigus and differentiating it from other blistering disorders. This paper highlights the importance of pharmacological management, and investigations of oral pemphigus are discussed. Case description: A male patient in his 50s came to our outpatient department with the chief complaint of a painful ulcer in his oral cavity for the past 1 year. The patient presented with pain that aggravated on intake of hot and spicy food, with no relieving factors. On examination, the patient presented with multiple diffuse ulcers on the upper and lower labial mucosa, both sides of the buccal mucosa, as well as the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the tongue, with erythematous areas surrounding the lesions. Based on history and clinical examination, we arrived at a provisional diagnosis of oral pemphigus vulgaris (PV). A punch biopsy was performed. Histopathology and direct immunofluorescence reports revealed the diagnosis of PV. The patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids. The patient was followed up for 1 month and showed a remarkable recovery. Conclusion: PV is a chronic illness characterized by periods of recurrence and remission. It can be life-threatening, as it leads to the widespread loss of the skin's protective layer, potentially causing dehydration, malnutrition, and secondary infections. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are essential to improving patients’ quality of life.