Aim: This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the compressive resistance at varying thicknesses and surface hardness of Exabite II and Ramitec interocclusal recording materials. Materials and methods: In the present study, the compressive resistance and the surface hardness of Exabite II and Ramitec were studied when subjected to a constant compressive load. Various thicknesses of the interocclusal recording materials were selected. As standard cylindrical stainless steel dies with an internal diameter of 10 mm and three different heights of 2, 3, and 4 mm, a metal plate, and a metal base were prepared, fabricating 80 specimens for the study. A universal testing machine (UTI) was used and subjected to a constant compressive force of 25 N and Shore A hardness tester at 1 and 72 hrs time intervals to test the compressive resistance and surface hardness, respectively. Results: The 2 mm thickness specimens showed the least compression, and the 4 mm thickness specimen showed maximum compression under a constant load of 25 N for both the materials tested. The independent t-test (p ≤ 0.05) indicated a significant difference in surface hardness between the materials at different time intervals. Both materials possessed higher surface hardness at 72 hours than at 1 hour. Conclusion: The compressive resistance of both materials was inversely proportional to the thickness of the sample. This implies that the minimum thickness of the recording materials should be used for recording maxillomandibular relations without sacrificing the strength of the interocclusal record.

Aim: To assess the knowledge and awareness of undergraduate dental students at King Saud University (KSU) about oral cancer. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on a questionnaire containing 21 questions about prevention, clinical aspects, history taking, knowledge of risk factors, and changes related to oral cancer. One hundred fifty undergraduate dental students were enrolled. Statistical analyses were conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24 software. Results: It was shown that of 150 respondents, above 95% of the dental students considered smoking and alcohol consumption as the main risk factor for oral cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma was described as the most common type of oral cancer by 78% of the students. Clinical changes of oral cancer were acknowledged well by dental students (52.6% erythroplakia and nonhealing ulcer 65%). Only 41.4% of students have reported that they consider oral cancer during dental examination in the first appointment. Conclusion: Most of the students have a good level of awareness related to oral cancer, however an inadequate level of knowledge about the clinical features of oral cancer is present. Therefore, it is suggested that reinforcement of knowledge is recommended throughout the undergraduate dental course to enable improved early detection and diagnosis of oral cancer.

Background: Fragment reattachment is an excellent option for coronal fractures of permanent incisors when the fragment is available. The mode of storage of the fragment in different media and the reattachment time is a very important factor in the success of fragment reattachment. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the effects of time of the fragment in storage media and the influence of the storage media on the reattached tooth fragment. Methodology: Sixty sound incisors were taken, split into four groups of 15 specimens each. They were further subdivided into eight subgroups of seven specimens (A1, B1, C1, and D1) and eight specimens (A2, B2, C2, and D2), respectively. The teeth were sectioned, and the fragments were stored in Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS) (group A1 and B2), GC Tooth Mousse (group B1 and B2), GC Tooth Mousse Plus (group C1 and C2), and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA)—nfused dentifrice (group D1 and D2) for 12 and 24 hours, respectively. Fragments were reattached using the simple reattachment technique with flowable composite resin. The compressive strength was measured using a universal strength-testing machine. Result: Significant difference was found among group A vs B, group A vs C, and group A vs D at 24 hours. Insignificant differences were noted in the 12 hours group. Conclusion: Highest fracture resistance was seen in group D2, followed by B2, B1, D1, C2, C1, A1, and A2.

Introduction: Radiation risks can be hazardous. It becomes precarious when there is professional negligence. It's very important to provide proper and adequate knowledge regarding radiation hazards and protection protocols to dental undergraduates and interns during their course of training. Aims and objectives: The current study's objective is to evaluate dentistry students’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) of radiation protection in Davangere city. Materials and methods: In Davangere, Karnataka, India a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted with a sample of 140 dental students (third and final years) and interns. The study included dental radiology in the curriculum. Each student provided information using a structured questionnaire (15 in total), which only allowed for Yes or No responses. The data was then analyzed using the Pearson's Chi-squared test to determine the statistical significance. Results: Among 140 students enrolled in the study, 45 were undergraduates (45 from third–51 from final year) and 44 were interns. A total of 104 students responded out of which 45 were third years, 51 were final years, and eight were interns. Conclusion: The most correct answers were provided by interns, followed by third- and final-year students. Interns, final-year students, and third-year students all scored higher on measures of radiation safety protocol KAP. Key message: It is recommended that dental professionals adhere to radiation safety guidelines strictly, and it is crucial that dental institutions offer enough radiation protection training.

Aim: The aim of this study is to perform a comparative assessment of cytotoxicity and cell viability of two bioactive root canal sealers (RCS), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and BioRoot-RCS. Materials and methods: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and BioRoot-RCS are based on calcium silicate composition, MTA sealer (Brasselers, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America) is a premixed injectable material based on calcium silicate, BioRoot-RCS (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France). Powder: Tricalcium silicate zirconium oxide and povidine. Liquid, water, calcium chloride, and polycarboxylate. Cytotoxicity of these two bioactive sealers was assessed by Metabolic Activity Assay (MTT) reduction test, where human gingival fibroblast (HGF) where used; this method enables determination of cell viability and proliferation on the basis of mitochondrial activity of succinate dehydrogenase, days 1–7 were studied, while the cell viability (survival percentage) was measured on 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Result: The result between the two BioRoot-RCS showed higher cell viability or fibroblastic survival percentage and low cytotoxicity for BioRoot-RCS in comparison with MTA-RCS. Conclusion: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and BioRoot-RCS both show moderate cytotoxicity. However, BioRoot-RCS is considered the most compatible root canal sealer showing a higher percentage of cell viability as compared to MTA.

Aim: To highlight the principle of tooth preservation in the case of endodontically treated teeth and show the particularities of its preparation and material choice according to the clinical case. Background: Endodontically treated tooth with moderately to large cavities often requires full coverage restoration that provides optimum replacement of anatomy and function. However, posterior indirect adhesive restorations are becoming very common nowadays in clinical practice, as they offer superior marginal adaptation with maximum tissue preservation; different approaches are in practice to provide better survival and advantages. Case description: A clinical case about a 25-year-old female patient with the complaint of repetitive fracture of her coronal restoration, diagnosed with localized periodontitis of the maxillary molar tooth (26) and treated with a hybrid ceramic endocrown. Clinical significance: The indication of minimally invasive restorations should be carefully raised, taking into consideration various factors such as remaining tissue of the tooth preparation design, type of material, and bonding procedure. The balance is between the tissue preservation of endodontically treated molars and sufficient thickness of material.

Aim: To rehabilitate the upper central incisors and left lateral incisor with full ceramic crowns using the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique in order to improve the esthetic of the patient. Background: The restoration of the anterior teeth was always challenging for the dentist and the laboratory technician especially when using full ceramic restorations, which tolerate less technical errors compared to porcelain fused metal restoration. The using of CAD/CAM technology permits a more accurate esthetic and precise restoration by its possibility to scan and analyze the clinical situation in all the space planes. Case description: The rehabilitation of fractured central maxillary incisors and lateral maxillary incisors by a full ceramic crown restoration using CAD/CAM technology. Conclusion: A reasonable treatment plan and an adequate conception of the restoration using CAD/CAM technology along with good oral hygiene and cooperation of the patient are the keys to the success of the rehabilitation. Clinical significance: The CAD/CAM technology by its capacity to visualize the model in a three-dimensional space is capable of manufacturing a precise and adequate restoration which improves the esthetic of our patients and also the quality of the fixed restorations.