Aim: The aim of this report is to present an additional case of mandibular central odontogenic fibroma (COF) of complex type in a pediatric patient as well as to compare its clinical, radiological, and histological features with the cases reported to date in the review and to understand the need of long-time postoperative follow-up and to develop a better understanding of COF. Background: Odontogenic fibromas can be divided into central (intraosseous) odontogenic fibroma and peripheral (extraosseous) odontogenic fibroma according to the anatomical sites involved. COF is a rare, benign, slow-growing intraosseous mesenchymal odontogenic tumor of the jaws. It presents a diagnostic dilemma to the clinician and the pathologist because its clinical and radiological features resemble other odontogenic and/or nonodontogenic tumors, and the differential diagnosis is based on histological examination. Case description: Here, a case of COF of the posterior mandible in a 13-year-old boy is described. The lesion was an asymptomatic swelling with well-defined borders covered by normal mucosa. It presented as a well-defined unilocular radiolucency along with thinning of buccal and lingual cortices. The lesion was surgically enucleated and analyzed histopathologically. There were no postoperative complications. The aim of this case report is to present a case of COF in the posterior mandible and to compare its clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features with the present literature. Conclusion: Highlighting a subtype that was dropped from the last World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors is important to accumulate more information about this lesion and to show its different features. Despite its rarity, COF should be included in the differential diagnosis of intrabony tumors of the jaws. Clinical significance: The findings of this case report can better educate oral and maxillofacial surgeons about the unusual nature of this lesion, help establish a correct diagnosis and give the appropriate therapeutic management.